Heterogeneous deposits, bubbles and particles

• Volume and area of bubbles and particles

• Nanoparticle and Protein in solution - size and concentration

• Concentrations, particles and deposits how many particles or volume deposited from a given precipiation solution

• Gas bubble dissolution by diffusion by Henrys law and Ficks Law

Flow and pressure

• Hydraulic  resistance and flow in tubes and channels

• Capillary pressure in bubbles, tubes and channels

Microscopy

• Dose and dose rate by Electron irradiation

• Optical Microscope Objectives - resolution, intensity and depth of focus